Benzene is a colorless organic compound with a sweet odor, with the chemical formula C₆H₆. It is one of the most fundamental aromatic hydrocarbons. As a key raw material in the chemical industry, benzene is widely used to synthesize various downstream chemicals, including styrene, cyclohexane, phenol, and adipic acid, which are used in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. The importance of benzene in industrial production makes it one of the foundational raw materials in the global petrochemical industry.